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Sommaire
Vocabulary[modifier]
| English | French |
|---|---|
| tax form | rapport d'impôt |
| tax return | retour d'impôt |
| involve | impliquer |
| chances are slim | faible (chance) |
| upheavals | bouleversements |
| parking lot | stationnement |
| ergonomic desk | bureau qui se lève |
| to host | recevoir à la maison |
| request | solliciter |
| in the era | à l'ère |
| reduce | diminuer |
| most of | la plupart de |
| wrestle | débattre (intérieurement) |
| undermine | miner/saper |
| aftermath | conséquences, résultats |
| breakdown | lister |
| put away | ranger |
| include | incorporer |
| entail | entraîner (conséquences) |
| honing | aiguiser |
| flippant | cavalier |
| blatantly | avec insolence |
| Risky | Risqué |
| Fall out | Répercussions |
| Noticeable | prononcé |
| Division | Direction |
| downright | Carrément |
| Commitment | engagement |
| Climate | atmosphère |
| clarify | préciser |
| hinder | gêner, entraver |
| mooted | peu de valeur |
| inconvenience | désagrément |
| dread | redouter |
| Strive | S'efforcer |
| Handle | Endurer |
Expressions[modifier]
| English | French / Explanation |
|---|---|
| a case in point | par exemple |
| if you have the possibilty of doing | du moment où tu peux... |
| it might do the job | ça peut faire le travail |
| cool headed | avec sang froid |
| as you may know | comme tu sais |
| everything from soup to nuts | toute, du début à la fin |
| thorny problem | problème épineux |
| He his in charge of | il a la responsabilité de |
| on his own | de lui-même |
| Fill out a form | remplir un formulaire |
| get under your skin | me tapper sur les nerfs |
| Nature abhors a vacuum | la nature a horreur du vide |
| pulling his weight | Faire sa part |
| cog in the machine | un rouage dans la machine |
| ebb and flow | flux et reflux |
| spawn a devil child | donner naissance à un problème |
| go through the pecking order | monter les échelons hierarchique |
| add a string to his bow | ajouter une corde à son arc |
| a glimpse OF what ... | un aperçu |
| at a glance | En un coup d'œil |
| Knee-jerk reaction | réaction impulsive |
| At the outset | at the beginning |
| As far as I am concerned | De mon côté [...] |
| to factor in | prendre en compte |
| In respect to | Transition to one question from another |
| Get by | Se débrouiller, joindre le deux bouts |
| Issue invoice | Émettre une facture |
| taking a toll on | have a negative impact |
| be borne by | être assumé par |
| Getting up to speed | se rattraper |
| Make do | S'arranger avec ce qu'on a |
| Err on the side of caution | To be especially careful rather than making a mistake |
| Poorly done | Mal fait |
To learn[modifier]
- Every/each/whoever: verbs are singular
- any/people are plurals
- Adjectives are never pluralized
Phrase verbs[modifier]
- Bring up: To mention something. (Mark was sick and had to miss the party, so please don't bring it up, I don't want him to feel bad for missing it)
- Bring on: To cause something to happen, usually something negative. His lung cancer was brought on by years of smoking.
- Call on: This can mean either to visit someone , or to use someone's or something's knowledge. I'll call on you this evening to see how you're feeling.
- Call off: To cancel something. This picnic was called off because of the rain.
- Catch up: to improve in order to reach the same standard or rate as someone or something. You have a lot of work to do - do you think you'll be able to catch up by Friday?.
- Catch up on: When I return after my holiday, I'll have a lot of work to catch up on
- Catch up (with): Meet someone after a period of time and find out what they have been doing. I was able to catch up with Danielle at the conference.
- Come up (with something) : To think of an idea. I came up with this idea for a TV show about a woman living with her best friend and daughter. I call it 'Two and a Half Women'.
- End up at: to finally be in a particular place or situation. They're travelling across Europe by train and are planning to end up' in Moscow.
Gerunds[modifier]
Expressions followed by a verb ends in -ing:
- A key to ...
- Prevent me from ...
- Difficulty ... (active verb)
- It's no use ...
- There is no point ...
- It's (not) worth ...
- Have difficulty/trouble ...
- A waste of money/time ...
- Spend/waste time ...
- Go sport-ing (go swimming)
- I am looking forward to ...
I am used/accustomed to -ing:
- I am used to driving on the right;
- I had to get used to driving on the left lane;
About / for / from / in / of / to / on / at[modifier]
To learn[modifier]
- Attended a conference
- Ask FOR
- Go TO
- Participating IN
- Explain TO me
- The closer you get TO, the farther you get FROM
- Migrate TO
- Contributing TO
- ON the whole
- Related TO
At:
- You end up AT the Club Soda
With:
- You integrate the data with someone else data
On:
- To take on
About:
- excited
- worried
- complain
- dream
- talk
- think
For:
- apologized
- blame someone
- forgive someone
- have an excuse
- have a reason
- be responsible
- thank someone
- room for
From:
- keep someone
- prevent someone
- prohibit someone
- stop someone
- be tired
In:
- be interested
- believe
- participate
- succeed
Of:
- be accused
- be capable
- be guilty
- instead
- take advantage
- take care
- be tired
- complain
- dream
- talk
- think
To:
- explain
- be accustomed
- in addition
- be committed
- be devoted
- look forward
- object
- be opposed
- be used
Tenses[modifier]
Conditionnal[modifier]
To talk about real (possible) or unreal (imaginary, contrary to fact or hypothetical) situations. Conditional clauses are used to refer to the present, past and future.
Conditionals have two clauses: the subordinate clause and the main clause. The verb tenses you choose in these clauses indicate whether they are real or unreal and which time you are referring to. The subordinate clause often begins with if.
| Type | Subordinate Clause | Main Clause | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| present real | if + simple present | simple present | If I have time, I get the work done. |
| future real | if + simple present | will + base form | If I have time, I will get the work done. |
| present or future unreal |
If + simple past | would + base form | If I had time, I would get the work done. Even if I had time, I wouln't get the work done. |
| past unreal | if + past perfect | would have + past participle | If I had had time, I would have gotten the work done. |
f the subordinate clause comes at the beginning of the sentence, it is followed by a comma. If the main clause comes at the beginning, there is no comma.
Present simple[modifier]
- Permanent situation (She works in a bank)
- Habits (I play tennis every Tuesday)
- Use with Twice a month, every Tuesday, often, sometimes
- Generally true (The sun rises in the east)
- Future timetable (Our train leaves at 11 am)
- Use with this evening, at 11 am, tomorrow
- Future after when, until, ... (I won't go out until it stops raining)
- Use with when, until, as soon as, after, before
Present continuous/progressive tense[modifier]
Formed with to be and the gerunds
- Happening now (Julie is sleeping at the moment)
- Use with now, at the moment, currently
- Temporary situation (I'm staying with a friend for a few days)
- Use with at the moment, these days, for a few days
- Annoying habits (You always loosing your keys!)
- Use with always, never, constantly
- Definite future plans (I'm meeting my father later)
- Use with tonight, later, this weekend
- Changing situation (The weather is improving)
- Use with little by little, gradually
Wish and Hope[modifier]
- A wish about the past uses the past perfect.
- For a future wish, use would not will.
- Wish is used for unlikely or impossible situations.
ORE[modifier]
- Are all empires destined to crumble? (use your general knowledge and the reading; think about empires in all senses of the word – business, political etc)
- Opinion: This question is of vivid actuality. I think that every empire crumbles, with some heritage that is passed to the system succeeding the empire:
- Reason(s): Nothing can last forever. It is either destroyed or transformed.
- Example(s): To first example coming to mind is democraty after Greek empire. Another example is the military organisation after the Roman empire. And lastly, a lesser known example is the lack of marine in Chinese after Hongxi Emperor burn down the chinese fleet in 1424
- Conclusion: all in all, every system, political or not, must be thoughts to be able to transform and adapt to the situation, so they can last and avoid transitionnal shocks.
- Are you an execution/operation or visionary type CEO in your Skycad business?
Links[modifier]
Tools[modifier]
Homework[modifier]
2018:
2017:
