Le libre dans les administrations publiques ailleurs dans le monde
Cet article fait une revue des administrations publiques à travers le monde qui ont déjà adopté une politique vis à vis le libre au sens large (ceci inclus les politiques sur l'accès aux données).
Sommaire
Australie[modifier]
Recommendation #6 is "Make Public Sector Information open, accessible and reusable". Here's a sample of what they're saying down under:
By default, Public Sector Information (PSI) (..) should be:
- free (provided at no cost in the absence of substantial marginal costs);
- based on open standards;
- easily discoverable;
- understandable (supported by metadata that will aid in the understanding the quality and interpretability of the information);
- machine-readable; and
- freely reusable (not having limitation on derivative uses).
Hongrie[modifier]
Décembre 2009
La Hongrie a choisi d'opter pour une législation qui se porte uniquement sur les standards ouverts.
In other words, the law isn't picking winners. It's not deciding between open-source and proprietary software. It's actively fostering competition between open and closed systems.
Japon[modifier]
Juillet 2007
In Japan, the government now gives preference to the procurement of products that follow open standards including the ODF standards, the ODF Alliance reported Monday. The new guidelines are available from the Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry.
Pérou[modifier]
In 2005 the Government of Peru voted to adopt open source across all its bodies.
En 2002, il y a eut un échange de lettres digne de mention qui a eut lieu entre le gouvernement du Pérou et Microsoft:
UK[modifier]
- Smarter government (UK).
Tim Berners-Lee y a participé. Il y a un bout qui porte su « Radically opening up data and public information, releasing thousands of public data sets – including Ordnance Survey mapping data, real-time railway timetables, data underpinning NHS choices, and more detailed departmental spending data – and making them free for re-use ».
- What is UK Government Open Source Action Plan?
- Open Source, Open Standards and Re-Use: Government Action Plan (pdf)
So we consider that the time is now right to build on our record of fairness and achievement and to take further positive action to ensure that Open Source products are fully and fairly considered throughout government IT; to ensure that we specify our requirements and publish our data in terms of Open Standards; and that we seek the same degree of flexibility in our commercial relationships with proprietary software suppliers as are inherent in the open source world.
Ainsi, nous estimons le moment venu de mettre à profit notre réputation d’impartialité et nos réussites, et d’engager de nouvelles actions concrètes pour que le recours aux logiciels libres soit envisagé avec sérieux et impartialité par les services informatiques gouvernementaux. Nous devons aussi rendre publiques nos exigences et publier nos statistiques en terme de standards ouverts, et chercher à atteindre le niveau de souplesse inhérent à l’Open Source dans nos relations avec les fournisseurs de logiciels propriétaires. (traduction framasoft + moi).
The Government will use open standards in its procurement specifications and require solutions to comply with open standards. The Government will support the development of open standards and specifications.
USA[modifier]
In the US, the Obama administration released an 11-page Open Government Directive, the culmination of 2009's Open Government Initiative public consultation process. The directive's language is concrete and actionable, even including specific dates for implementation milestones. (source)
To the extent practicable and subject to valid restrictions, agencies should publish information online in an open format that can be retrieved, downloaded, indexed, and searched by commonly used web search applications. An open format is one that is platform independent, machine readable, and made available to the public without restrictions that would impede the re-use of that information.
Oregon[modifier]
Oregon has joined Texas, California and Minnesota as states that may vote this year on legislation that would mandate the use of open document formats for public documents and records.
Oregon state representative Peter Buckley, a Democrat from Ashland, proposed House Bill 2920, which would require state government agencies, the state library, and all public libraries in the state to make certain documents and records available in open document formats.
Massachusetts[modifier]
Commencé en 2003. Effectif le 1 janvier 2007. Amendé en mai 2007 pour inclure Office Open XML.
It is an overriding imperative of the American democratic system that we cannot have our public documents locked up in some kind of proprietary format, perhaps unreadable in the future, or subject to a proprietary system license that restricts access.
However, the state's stance to strongly consider alternatives to proprietary solutions -- such as the Open Document Format -- has fueled one of the biggest technology firestorms in government IT history.
The controversy around Massachusetts and ODF, an open standards-based computer document alternative to Microsoft (Nasdaq: MSFT) Office, resulted in the resignation of the state's former chief information officer.
The state of Massachusetts Friday made it official: It will use only nonproprietary document formats in state-affiliated offices effective Jan. 1, 2007.
One of the most critical SOA decisions for the Commonwealth is the adoption of XML as the primary standard for Data Interoperability. XML has become the lingua franca of application integration, facilitating application interoperability, regardless of platform or programming language. The adoption of XML is the cornerstone of the Commonwealth’s Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) vision of a unified enterprise information environment.
Portland[modifier]
Septembre 2009.
WHEREAS the adoption of open standards improves transparency, access to public information, and improved coordination and efficiencies among bureaus and partner organizations across the public, non-profit and private sectors
Directs the Bureau of Technology Services to:
2-Develop a strategy to adopt prevailing open standards for data, documents, maps, and other formats of media;
Adopté à l'unanimité!
San Francisco[modifier]
Août 2009.
Washington D.C.[modifier]
In November 2008 the city made more than 200 real-time data streams available to the public as part of their “Apps for Democracy” contest, a city-sponsored competition that asked local web developers to analyze the city’s data and build web applications around it that DC residents would find useful.
- Apps for Democracy contest (novembre 2008)
A contest that cost Washington, DC $50,000 and returned 47 iPhone, Facebook and web applications with an estimated value in excess of $2,600,000 to the city (4000% return).
Use the data catalog below to subscribe to a live data feed in Atom format and access data in XML, Text/CSV, KML or ESRI Shapefile formats.
France[modifier]
Canada[modifier]
Open Government[modifier]
Semble viser le gouvernement de la Colombie-Britannique.
Visible Goverment[modifier]
VisibleGovernment.ca est une société canadienne à but non lucratif qui promeut des outils en ligne pour la transparence du gouvernement.
Edmonton[modifier]
Janvier 2010
The City of Edmonton's open data catalogue is powered by OGDI, a Microsoft open source project.
Ottawa[modifier]
Mars 2010
Toronto[modifier]
Site toronto.ca/open inauguré en novembre 2009.
The City of Toronto is committed to open, accessible and transparent government.
Site web pour télécharger les données de la ville.
Les utilisateurs des données ont un site pour montrer ce qu'ils font et pour échanger entre eux: DataTo.org.
Vancouver[modifier]
En mai 2009: Open Source, Open Standards, Open Data, Open Vancouver
- City of Vancouver embraces open data, standards and source
- Vancouver becomes role model for open source in government
- Énoncé de la motion
- Vancouver Open Data Wiki
Le bout important:
- Open Standards - the City of Vancouver will move as quickly as possible to adopt prevailing open standards for data, documents, maps, and other formats of media;
C'est une motion.
Vancouver city council has endorsed the principles of making its data open and accessible to everyone where possible, adopting open standards for that data and considering open source software when replacing existing applications.
Reimer had argued that supporting the motion would allow the city to improve transparency, cut costs and enable people to use the data to create new useful products, including commercial ones. She had also noted that taxpayers paid for the data to be collected in the first place.
- Identify immediate opportunities to distribute more of its data.
- Index, publish and syndicate its data to the internet using prevailing open standards, interfaces and formats.
- Develop a plan to digitize and distribute archival data to the public.
- Ensure that data supplied to the city by third parties such as developers, contractors and consultants are unlicensed, in a prevailing open standard format, and not copyrighted except if otherwise prevented by legal considerations.
- License any software applications developed by the City of Vancouver such that they may be used by other municipalities, businesses and the public without restriction.
Divers[modifier]
Government Open Source Policies (revue des politiques gouvernementales Open Source à travers le monde)
L'OTAN utilise ODF comme format obligatoire.
OpenDocument has been officially approved by national standards bodies of Brazil, Croatia, Denmark, Ecuador, Hungary, Italy, Malaysia, South Korea, South Africa and Sweden.
